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Peptide synthesis is a highly customized process influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity. For example, a peptide that is difficult to synthesize in winter may be produced efficiently in spring or summer. As every peptide sequence is unique, there are inherently unpredictable variables in the synthesis process that can affect outcomes from batch to batch.
Every peptide order undergoes a minimum of three verification checks before synthesis begins. Intentional alteration of amino acid sequences is absolutely not something we would ever do. In the unlikely event of an accidental amino acid substitution, it would be detectable by mass spectrometry. If a client remains concerned, we can provide photos or copies of our original synthesis records for full transparency.
Achieving 100% purity is scientifically impossible for any substance, including peptides. Trace impurities such as salts, residual peptides, or moisture are inevitable, though our team minimizes them to the greatest extent possible. Custom peptides are primarily used for early-stage research, and a purity of 95% or above — which most of our clients request — is more than sufficient for conducting accurate and reliable experiments.
Our peptides are subject to strict quality control and meet all specifications upon shipment. Discrepancies in test results may arise from differences in peptide properties, shipping conditions, storage environments, testing protocols, or instrument variations. Clients are welcome to submit their test reports, and our technical team will analyze the results and work toward a resolution.
The biological activity of a peptide in experimental settings cannot be guaranteed — this is a limitation acknowledged across the entire peptide industry and is not unique to any single supplier.
Peptides have a limited shelf life. Proper storage under low-temperature, sealed conditions can extend stability. We recommend storing peptides at -20°C to -80°C in a sealed container and using them as soon as possible. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can also degrade peptide quality, so clients are advised to weigh out only the amount needed for each use.
If the peptide received appears to be in liquid form, there are two possible explanations. First, the peptide may have highly hydrophilic properties — although it was lyophilized into a white powder, it may have absorbed moisture during shipping, resulting in liquefaction. This does not affect the peptide's usability. If long-term storage is required or the client wishes to have it in powder form, the sample can be returned for re-lyophilization. Please note that some loss
Peptides are chemical compounds, not inert powders, and may naturally carry some odor. Our peptides are supplied in TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) salt form, which has a characteristically sharp, pungent smell. However, the finished peptide product itself should be odorless. If any odor is detected, it may be due to the hydrophilic nature of the sequence causing moisture absorption, which can result in a mild acidic smell. The salt form is an inherent part of the product and does
Every peptide ordered by our clients undergoes strict quality inspection by our QC department before shipment. We provide test reports based on internationally recognized peptide testing standards (MS and HPLC). If an experiment fails, we recommend reviewing the experimental procedure step by step to identify any potential issues. Our team is also available to provide professional guidance and support within our area of expertise.
The solubility of a peptide is an intrinsic property determined by its amino acid sequence and cannot be fundamentally altered — re-synthesis will not change it. Since peptides generally have limited solubility in water, the following methods may help improve dissolution: 1.Adjust the pH of the solution to aid solubility; 2.Use ultrasonic assistance to dissolve; 3.Adjust the solution temperature (≤30°C) to aid solubility; 4.Add co-solvents (e.g., DMSO, DMF), and it is r
The peptides we supply are in powder form, typically off-white in color, though appearance may vary slightly depending on the composition. For long-term storage, peptides should be kept away from light and stored at -20°C. Short-term storage at 4°C is acceptable. For short-duration shipping, room temperature transport is permissible.
Peptide synthesis differs significantly from oligonucleotide synthesis — while failed oligonucleotide synthesis is rare, failed or low-yield peptide synthesis is relatively common. When amino acids such as Val, Ile, Tyr, Phe, Trp, Leu, Gln, and Thr are adjacent or repeated, the growing peptide chain may fail to fully extend and dissolve during synthesis, reducing efficiency. The following sequence patterns are particularly associated with low yield and purity: repeated Pro
Peptides containing Cys, Met, or Trp are inherently challenging to synthesize and difficult to obtain at high purity. This is primarily because these functional groups are chemically unstable and prone to oxidation. Special care should be taken during both use and storage — avoid repeatedly opening the container to minimize exposure to air.
(1) Peptides with a high proportion of strongly hydrophobic amino acids — such as Leu, Val, Ile, Met, Phe, and Trp — are difficult or impossible to dissolve in aqueous solutions. These residues may pose challenges in both purification and synthesis. (2) As a general guideline, the proportion of hydrophobic amino acids should be kept below 50%, with no more than 5 consecutive hydrophobic residues. Charged amino acids (positively charged: K, R, H, N-terminus; negatively c
For immunization purposes, a purity of 70–85% is generally sufficient.
Generally, a length of 10–15 amino acids is recommended. Longer peptides tend to elicit better immune responses, though synthesis costs increase accordingly. For MAP (Multiple Antigenic Peptide) systems, a length of 15 amino acids or more is preferred for optimal results. Peptides shorter than 10 amino acids typically yield poor immunogenicity.
